MJAAR

Where Are Ugandan Graduates Putting Their Trust? From Academic Credentials to Precarious Side Hustles in an Era of Diminishing Formal Employment

Dr. Mategeko Betty, Ahumuza Audrey, Dr. Twinomujuni Rosebell


Abstract

Background: Uganda's expanding higher education sector has produced an unprecedented surge in graduate output at a time when the formal labour market remains structurally incapable of absorbing new entrants, generating acute tensions between graduate expectations forged by decades of credential-based socialization and the realities of an economy dominated by informal, precarious work. Objective: This study examined the employment trajectories of Ugandan university graduates, assessed the sociodemographic and structural predictors of engagement in side hustles, and evaluated the perceived role of academic credentials in securing sustainable livelihood outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, drawing a stratified random sample of 412 graduates from five Ugandan universities who had completed their undergraduate or postgraduate programmes within the preceding five years. Data were collected using a pre-tested, self-administered structured questionnaire and were analysed through univariate, bivariate, and binary logistic regression techniques using SPSS version 26. Categoricalassociations were tested using chi-square statistics, while logistic regression identified independent predictors of side hustle engagement at a 95% confidence level. Results: Only 25.7% of graduates were formally employed at the time of the survey, while 39.8% reported primary reliance on side hustles as their main livelihood strategy. Statistically significant associations were found between side hustle engagement and absence of formal employment (χ² = 48.2, p < 0.001), urban residence, and exposure to entrepreneurship training. Binary logistic regression revealed that graduates without formal employment were more than four times as likely to engage in side hustles (OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.94–6.03, p < 0.001), while those who received entrepreneurship training were three times as likely to do so (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.21–4.46, p < 0.001). Credential confidence was notably low, with only 22.4% of graduates believing their degree was sufficient to guarantee employment. Conclusion: Ugandan graduates are undergoing a critical epistemic shift — moving away from blind trust in academic credentials towards adaptive livelihood diversification. Policy interventions must urgently realign higher education curricula with labour market realities, expand formal employment pathways, and institutionalize entrepreneurship support structures that transform side hustles from coping mechanisms into viable engines of economic growth.

Keywords

Graduate unemployment side hustles academic credentials informal employment Uganda higher education precarious work logistic regression
Metropolitan Journal of Academic and Applied Research

Cite This Article

Dr. Mategeko Betty, Ahumuza Audrey & Dr. Twinomujuni Rosebell (2026). Where Are Ugandan Graduates Putting Their Trust? From Academic Credentials to Precarious Side Hustles in an Era of Diminishing Formal Employment. Metropolitan Journal of Academic and Applied Research, 5(5). https://journals.miu.ac.ug/pages/article.php?article_id=423

More in This Issue

View full issue →
21
The Unclogged Mind: Tabula Rasa, Receptive Openness, and the Recovery of Primary Perception
Dr. Arinaitwe Julius1 , Asiimwe Isaac Kazaara2 , Ahumuza Audrey3
Tabula Rasa Receptive Openness Primary Perception Mindfulness
22
When Endurance Becomes Erosion: Reconceptualizing Marital Persistence in the Context of Dysfunction
Dr. Arinaitwe Julius1 , Dr. Twinomujuni Rosebell2 , Asiimwe Isaac Kazaara3
marital persistence dysfunctional marriage marital erosion emotional exhaustion
23
Youth Innovation and Uganda's Economic Transformation: Who Holds the Keys?
Dr. Arinaitwe Julius1 , Akampurira Sarah2 , Nabaasa Desire3
Youth Innovation Economic Transformation Uganda Digital Skills