This study examined the impact of Constituency Development Funds (CDF) on parliamentary accountability and legislative independence in Uganda, drawing on a sample of 312 respondents comprising Members of Parliament, parliamentary staff, civil society representatives, and community leaders. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, the study collected primary data using a structured, pre-tested Likert-scale questionnaire. Statistical analyses encompassed univariate descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation. Results revealed that CDF transparency (β = .42, p < .001) and CDF oversight mechanisms (β = .35, p < .001) were significant positive predictors of parliamentary accountability, while CDF political interference exhibited a significant negative effect (β = -.28, p = .001). The regression model explained 52.1% of the variance in parliamentary accountability (R² = .521, F(3, 308) = 111.7, p < .001). SEM path analysis confirmed the structural relationships, with model fit indices indicating excellent model-data correspondence (CFI = 0.963, RMSEA = 0.048, χ²/df = 1.87). Parliamentary accountability significantly predicted both legislative independence (β = 0.51, p < .001) and constituency representation (β = 0.44, p < .001). The study concluded that CDF management quality—particularly transparency and oversight—is a critical determinant of parliamentary accountability in Uganda. Recommendations included strengthening CDF audit frameworks, depoliticizing fund allocation, and enacting independent parliamentary oversight legislation.