This paper presents a literature review examining how organizations adopt and integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into managerial decision-making processes. Drawing on 24 peer-reviewed sources published primarily between 2013 and 2023, the review synthesizes findings across three themes: the theoretical foundations of technology adoption as applied to AI, the organizational and human factors that shape AI integration, and the documented impacts of AI on decision quality and speed. The review employs a systematic search and thematic synthesis approach informed by established methodological guidance. Findings indicate convergence around the view that AI adoption is less a discrete technology-implementation event than an ongoing sociotechnical process shaped by managerial trust, data infrastructure, and organizational readiness. The review identifies three persistent gaps: a shortage of longitudinal studies tracking decision outcomes after adoption, limited attention to small and mid-sized firms relative to large enterprises, and inconsistent operationalization of "AI adoption" as a construct across studies. The paper concludes by proposing a research agenda addressing these gaps and outlining implications for management practice.

This study examined the influence of child neglect on the academic performance of pupils in government primary schools in Bundibugyo District, Uganda. Child neglect—the failure to provide for a child's basic physical, educational, emotional, and supervisory needs—is among the most common yet under-recognised forms of child maltreatment, and it has serious consequences for children's learning. The study investigated how physical neglect, educational neglect, emotional neglect, and supervisory neglect relate to pupils' academic performance. A cross-sectional survey design with a mixed-methods approach was adopted, and data were collected from 190 respondents comprising teachers, head teachers, parents and guardians, and education officials using structured questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural (path) analysis were used. Factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the neglect dimensions, which loaded onto coherent factors and explained 67.6% of the variance. The results revealed a strong negative and significant relationship between child neglect and academic performance (r = −0.66, p < 0.01), with the neglect dimensions jointly explaining 64.0% of the variance in academic performance (R² = 0.640). Educational neglect (β = −0.32) and physical neglect (β = −0.28) emerged as the strongest path predictors. The study concludes that child neglect significantly impairs academic performance and recommends child-protection interventions, parental sensitisation, and school-based support. This study addresses a sensitive topic in an academic manner, with attention to the wellbeing and protection of children.

This study examined the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and organisational performance, with reference to MTN Uganda. As stakeholders increasingly expect enterprises to act responsibly towards society and the environment, CSR has become a strategic concern linked to organisational performance, yet its effects in the Ugandan corporate context remain under-examined. The study investigated how community investment, environmental responsibility, ethical practices, and employee welfare relate to organisational performance. A cross- sectional survey design with a mixed-methods approach was adopted, and data were collected from 185 respondents comprising employees, managers, and selected stakeholders using structured questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural (path) analysis were used. Factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the CSR dimensions, which loaded onto coherent factors and explained 68.7% of the variance. The results revealed a strong positive and significant relationship between CSR and organisational performance (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), with the CSR dimensions jointly explaining 66.0% of the variance in organisational performance (R² = 0.660). Community investment (β = 0.32) and ethical practices (β = 0.29) emerged as the strongest path predictors. The study concludes that CSR significantly enhances organisational performance and recommends strengthening community investment, ethical practices, and stakeholder engagement.

This study examined the relationship between credit management policies and loan portfolio performance at Equity Bank, Kampala District, Uganda. Lending is a core banking activity and a principal source of both income and risk, and sound credit management is widely regarded as essential to a healthy loan portfolio, yet its contribution in the Ugandan banking context remains under-examined. The study investigated how credit appraisal, credit terms and limits, collection policy, and credit monitoring relate to loan portfolio performance. A cross-sectional survey design with a mixed-methods approach was adopted, and data were collected from 170 respondents comprising credit officers, branch managers, and other banking staff using structured questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural (path) analysis were used. Factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the credit management dimensions, which loaded onto coherent factors and explained 68.6% of the variance. The results revealed a strong positive and significant relationship between credit management policies and loan portfolio performance (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), with the dimensions jointly explaining 66.0% of the variance in loan portfolio performance (R² = 0.660). Credit appraisal (β = 0.33) and collection policy (β = 0.30) emerged as the strongest path predictors. The study concludes that sound credit management significantly enhances loan portfolio performance and recommends strengthening credit appraisal, collection, and monitoring.

This project involved the analysis, design, and development of a web-based patients' information management system for Desire Medical Centre, a healthcare facility that had been managing patient information using manual, paper-based methods. Manual records are prone to loss, duplication, delay, and difficulty of retrieval, which undermine the quality and efficiency of care. The project adopted a systems development methodology combining requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. Requirements were gathered from staff through interviews, observation, and review of existing records, and the system was designed using a three-tier architecture, entity-relationship modelling, and use-case modelling, and implemented as a web application using PHP, the Laravel framework, and a MySQL database. The developed system provides modules for patient registration, records management, appointments, prescriptions, billing, reporting, and user access control. Testing confirmed that the system met its functional requirements and was usable by staff. The project concludes that the web-based system offers a substantial improvement over the manual system in the accuracy, security, accessibility, and efficiency of patient information management, and recommends its deployment together with staff training, data backup, and maintenance.

This study examined the influence of financial management practices on the business sustainability of manufacturing firms in Kawempe Division, Kampala, Uganda. Sound financial management is widely regarded as essential to the survival and sustainability of enterprises, particularly capital-intensive manufacturing firms, yet its contribution among Ugandan manufacturers remains under-examined. The study investigated how working capital management, financial planning, record keeping, and investment decisions relate to business sustainability. A cross-sectional survey design with a mixed-methods approach was adopted, and data were collected from 175 respondents comprising firm owners, managers, and finance staff using structured questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural (path) analysis were used. Factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the financial management dimensions, which loaded onto coherent factors and explained 68.7% of the variance. The results revealed a strong positive and significant relationship between financial management practices and business sustainability (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), with the practices jointly explaining 66.0% of the variance in business sustainability (R² = 0.660). Working capital management (β = 0.33) and financial planning (β = 0.30) emerged as the strongest path predictors. The study concludes that sound financial management significantly enhances business sustainability and recommends strengthening working capital management, financial planning, and record keeping.

This study examined the relationship between innovation and the business growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Mityana District, Uganda. Innovation is widely regarded as a key driver of enterprise growth and competitiveness, yet its contribution among Ugandan SMEs remains under-examined. The study investigated how product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation, and technological innovation relate to business growth. A cross-sectional survey design with a mixed-methods approach was adopted, and data were collected from 175 respondents comprising SME owners, managers, and employees using structured questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural (path) analysis were used. Factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the innovation dimensions, which loaded onto coherent factors and explained 68.4% of the variance. The results revealed a strong positive and significant relationship between innovation and business growth (r = 0.67, p < 0.01), with the innovation dimensions jointly explaining 65.0% of the variance in business growth (R² = 0.650). Product innovation (β = 0.32) and technological innovation (β = 0.30) emerged as the strongest path predictors. The study concludes that innovation significantly enhances business growth and recommends strengthening product and technological innovation, and building innovation capacity among SMEs.

This study investigated the role of local governments in safeguarding women's rights in Uganda, with reference to Malere Parish in Hoima District. Local governments, as the tier of government closest to communities, are well placed to protect and promote women's rights, yet their effectiveness in this role remains under-examined. The study investigated how awareness and sensitisation, legal protection and enforcement, support services provision, and economic empowerment relate to the safeguarding of women's rights. A cross-sectional survey design with a mixed- methods approach was adopted, and data were collected from 180 respondents comprising women community members, local government officials, and civil society and community leaders using structured questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural (path) analysis were used. Factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the local government role dimensions, which loaded onto coherent factors and explained 68.2% of the variance. The results revealed a strong positive and significant relationship between local government roles and the safeguarding of women's rights (r = 0.67, p < 0.01), with the dimensions jointly explaining 65.0% of the variance in the safeguarding of women's rights (R² = 0.650). Legal protection and enforcement (β = 0.32) and awareness and sensitisation (β = 0.30) emerged as the strongest path predictors. The study concludes that local governments play a significant role in safeguarding women's rights and recommends strengthening legal protection, awareness, and support services. This study addresses a sensitive topic in an academic manner, with attention to the dignity and safety of women.

This study examined the relationship between monitoring practices and project performance in the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), Uganda. Public institutions implement numerous projects to deliver services and development, and effective monitoring is widely regarded as essential to keeping projects on track and achieving their objectives, yet its contribution in the Ugandan public sector remains under-examined. The study investigated how monitoring planning, data collection and tracking, stakeholder involvement, and feedback and corrective action relate to project performance. A cross-sectional survey design with a mixed-methods approach was adopted, and data were collected from 175 respondents comprising project managers, monitoring and evaluation officers, technical staff, and beneficiaries using structured questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural (path) analysis were used. Factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the monitoring dimensions, which loaded onto coherent factors and explained 68.6% of the variance. The results revealed a strong positive and significant relationship between monitoring practices and project performance (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), with the practices jointly explaining 66.0% of the variance in project performance (R² = 0.660). Data collection and tracking (β = 0.32) and feedback and corrective action (β = 0.30) emerged as the strongest path predictors. The study concludes that effective monitoring practices significantly enhance project performance and recommends strengthening data systems, feedback mechanisms, and monitoring planning.

This study examined the relationship between oil exploration activities and community livelihoods in Hoima District, Uganda, a focal area of the country's emerging oil industry. Oil exploration brings both opportunities and risks to host communities, and understanding its net effect on livelihoods is essential to ensuring that resource development benefits, rather than harms, local people. The study investigated how employment and income opportunities, infrastructure development, land access and displacement, and environmental change relate to community livelihoods. A cross-sectional survey design with a mixed-methods approach was adopted, and data were collected from 190 respondents comprising community members, local leaders, and district officials using structured questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and structural (path) analysis were used. Factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the oil-impact dimensions, which loaded onto coherent factors and explained 68.1% of the variance. The results revealed a strong and significant overall relationship between oil exploration activities and community livelihoods (R² = 0.650), with a mixed pattern of effects: employment and income (β = 0.31) and infrastructure development (β = 0.29) improved livelihoods, while environmental change (β = −0.20) and land access and displacement (β = −0.18) undermined them. The study concludes that oil exploration has a double-edged effect on community livelihoods and recommends maximizing local employment and infrastructure benefits while mitigating environmental and land-related harms.