This study examined the effects of varying soil moisture levels on the growth and yield of tomatoes in Nakoma SubCounty, Bugiri District, Uganda. Tomato production in Uganda is increasingly threatened by erratic rainfall patterns and inadequate irrigation practices, making soil moisture management a critical factor in ensuring food security and farmer livelihoods. A field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (March–June and August–November 2023) using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four moisture treatments (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% Field Capacity) replicated three times. Findings revealed that 80% field capacity moisture levels produced optimal tomato growth and yield, with a mean yield of 28.4 tonnes per hectare. Excessive moisture (100% FC) reduced yield due to root hypoxia and disease incidence, while deficit moisture (40% FC) severely stunted plant growth. The study recommends implementation of drip irrigation systems in Bugiri District to achieve optimal soil moisture management.