The study examined the coping mechanism adopted by refugees in response to aid reductions in Rwamwanja Refugee
Settlement in Kamwenge District, Uganda. The background of the study was anchored on the persistent global decline in humanitarian funding and the widening gap between refugee needs and available donor support, which has significantly constrained service delivery in protracted refugee settings. The study was guided by the Human Needs Theory propounded by Abraham Maslow, which emphasizes physiological needs (such as food, water, and shelter) and safety needs (including security and health).The study adopted a mixed-methods research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total sample of 40 respondents was targeted, comprising 25 refugee household heads, 5 community leaders, 5 humanitarian staff, and 5 local service providers, achieving a 100% response rate. Data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and structured tools. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results revealed that, a significant association was found between gender and negative coping mechanisms (χ² = 4.232, p = 0.040), indicating that female-headed households were more vulnerable. Education level also significantly influenced coping strategies (χ² = 9.381, p = 0.025), with more educated respondents adopting income-generating strategies. The study concluded that humanitarian aid reduction has led to severe multi-dimensional welfare deterioration, particularly in food security, healthcare access, education, and livelihoods. Although refugees adopted various coping mechanisms such as subsistence farming (68.0%), casual labour (56.0%), and petty trade (52.0%), these strategies were largely insufficient, with many households resorting to negative coping mechanisms such as child labour (56.0%), early marriage (28.0%), and transactional sex (24.0%).
The study recommended that humanitarian agencies and governments should prioritize restoration of food and healthcare assistance, strengthen livelihood diversification programs, invest in refugee education and skills development, and promote sustainable funding mechanisms to bridge the humanitarian financing gap. Furthermore, targeted interventions should be implemented to protect vulnerable groups, especially women and children, from harmful coping strategies.

This study examined the effects of different soil moisture levels on the growth and yield of tomatoes in Nakoma Sub County, Bugiri District, Uganda. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with four soil moisture treatment levels: T1 (25% field capacity), T2 (50% field capacity), T3 (75% field capacity), and T4 (100% field capacity), each replicated three times. Two improved tomato varieties, namely Tengeru 97 and Heinz 1370, were subjected to the different moisture treatments under controlled field conditions over a single growing season of 120 days. Growth parameters including plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, days to first flowering, and days to first fruiting were measured at two-week intervals. Yield parameters including number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, and total yield per hectare were recorded at harvest. Results indicated that T3 (75% field capacity) produced the most favorable growth and yield outcomes for both tomato varieties, with significantly higher plant heights, greater leaf counts, earlier flowering, and superior yields compared to treatments T1, T2, and T4. Total yield at T3 was 38.6 tonnes per hectare for Tengeru 97 and 34.2 tonnes per hectare for Heinz 1370, compared to the control (T4 at full field capacity) which yielded 29.4 and 26.8 tonnes per hectare respectively. Water deficit conditions (T1 and T2) significantly suppressed growth and yield, while waterlogged conditions (simulated at T4 when irrigation was combined with seasonal rainfall) also reduced yields compared to T3. The study concluded that maintaining soil moisture at approximately 75% of field capacity optimized tomato growth and yield under the climatic and soil conditions of Nakoma Sub County. Irrigation scheduling targeting 75% field capacity was recommended for tomato
farmers in Bugiri District.

The study examined the effects of Chinese Development aid and Concessional loans on Uganda’s economic development. The study employed a descriptive survey research design based on quantitative and qualitative approach. A total population of 1,217 individuals working in institutions directly involved in China–Uganda economic cooperation, including officials from key government ministries, agencies such as the Uganda Investment Authority and Uganda Revenue Authority, and stakeholders in sectors affected by Chinese investment from which a sample was selected; a sample size of 315 respondents was selected to participate in the study. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling out of which 301 respondents participated in the quantitative component of the study through structured questionnaires, while 14 key informants were selected for qualitative data collection using semistructured interviews. The study established a positive correlation (Pearson coefficient = 0.632) between Chinese development aid and concessional loans on Uganda’s economic development, confirming a significant contribution to national economic progress.
The study therefore, concluded that, development aid and concessional loans collectively exert a positive and significant influence on Uganda’s economic development. Similarly, the study recommended strengthening debt management frameworks to ensure that concessional loans from China remain sustainable and do not exacerbate Uganda’s debt vulnerability.

The study examined the impacts of aid reduction on refugee welfare in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement in Kamwenge District, Uganda. The background of the study was anchored on the persistent global decline in humanitarian funding
and the widening gap between refugee needs and available donor support, which has significantly constrained service
delivery in protracted refugee settings. The study was guided by the Human Needs Theory propounded by Abraham Maslow, which emphasizes physiological needs (such as food, water, and shelter) and safety needs (including security and health). The study adopted a mixed-methods research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total sample of 40 respondents was targeted, comprising 25 refugee household heads, 5 community leaders, 5 humanitarian staff, and 5 local service providers, achieving a 100% response rate. Data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and structured tools. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results revealed that 100.0% of respondents confirmed the reduction in humanitarian aid, with food aid being the most affected sector reported by 96.0%, followed by healthcare (76.0%), education (72.0%), and livelihood support (64.0%). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between the number of aid types reduced and welfare deterioration (r = 0.741, p < 0.01). The regression model explained 54.9% of the variance in welfare outcomes (R² = 0.549, F (5.19) = 6.097, p = 0.002), with food aid reduction emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.482, p = 0.003), followed by healthcare (β = 0.362, p = 0.014) and education (β = 0.298, p = 0.044). The study concluded that humanitarian aid reduction has led to severe multidimensional welfare deterioration, particularly in food security, healthcare access, education, and livelihoods. The study therefore, recommended that humanitarian agencies and governments should prioritize restoration of food and healthcare assistance, strengthen livelihood diversification programs, invest in refugee education and skills development, and promote sustainable funding mechanisms to bridge the humanitarian financing gap. Furthermore, targeted interventions should be implemented to protect vulnerable groups, especially women and children, from harmful coping strategies.

The study examined the impacts of aid reduction on refugee welfare in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement in Kamwenge District, Uganda. The background of the study was anchored on the persistent global decline in humanitarian funding
and the widening gap between refugee needs and available donor support, which has significantly constrained service
delivery in protracted refugee settings. The study was guided by the Human Needs Theory propounded by Abraham Maslow, which emphasizes physiological needs (such as food, water, and shelter) and safety needs (including security and health). The study adopted a mixed-methods research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total sample of 40 respondents was targeted, comprising 25 refugee household heads, 5 community leaders, 5 humanitarian staff, and 5 local service providers, achieving a 100% response rate. Data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and structured tools. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results revealed that 100.0% of respondents confirmed the reduction in humanitarian aid, with food aid being the most affected sector reported by 96.0%, followed by healthcare (76.0%), education (72.0%), and livelihood support (64.0%). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between the number of aid types reduced and welfare deterioration (r = 0.741, p < 0.01). The regression model explained 54.9% of the variance in welfare outcomes (R² = 0.549, F (5.19) = 6.097, p = 0.002), with food aid reduction emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.482, p = 0.003), followed by healthcare (β = 0.362, p = 0.014) and education (β = 0.298, p = 0.044). The study concluded that humanitarian aid reduction has led to severe multidimensional welfare deterioration, particularly in food security, healthcare access, education, and livelihoods. The study therefore, recommended that humanitarian agencies and governments should prioritize restoration of food and healthcare assistance, strengthen livelihood diversification programs, invest in refugee education and skills development, and promote sustainable funding mechanisms to bridge the humanitarian financing gap. Furthermore, targeted interventions should be implemented to protect vulnerable groups, especially women and children, from harmful coping strategies.

The study aimed at examining the participation of people with disabilities in government programmes: a case study of Mityana municipality, the study was directed by the stated objectives. The study was guided by three specific objectives: to examine the influence of people with disabilities in government programmes, to identify the challenges they face while participating in these programmes, and to establish possible measures to mitigate these challenges. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the relationship between the study variables. The findings revealed that participation of people with disabilities in government programmes is significantly influenced by several factors including their involvement in planning processes, representation in leadership structures, access to programme information, and availability of government support services. The results showed that when persons with disabilities are actively involved in decision-making and planning processes, their level of influence in programme implementation increases significantly. Access to information and support services was also found to enhance their ability to engage effectively in government initiatives.
The study further established that people with disabilities face a number of challenges that hinder their effective participation in government programmes. These challenges include physical accessibility barriers, limited financial support, negative community attitudes, and inadequate awareness about available government programmes. Physical barriers such as inaccessible buildings and transportation systems were identified as major constraints that limit mobility and access to programme activities. In addition, financial constraints and limited economic opportunities reduce the ability of persons with disabilities to participate fully in development programmes. Social barriers, particularly negative attitudes and discrimination from community members, also discourage active involvement. In order to address these challenges, the study identified several important measures that can improve participation of people with disabilities in government programmes. These measures include strengthening disability-inclusive policies, increasing community sensitization and awareness, improving financial empowerment programmes for persons with disabilities, and enhancing accessibility of infrastructure in public institutions. The findings suggest that a combination of policy reforms, social awareness initiatives, economic empowerment programmes, and improved accessibility of public facilities is essential for promoting inclusive participation. The study concluded that while government programmes in Mityana Municipality provide opportunities for development, the participation of people with disabilities remains limited due to structural, economic, and social barriers. Therefore, greater efforts are required to ensure that government policies and programmes fully integrate the needs and rights of persons with disabilities.

This study examined the role of vegetable growing among small-scale household farmers in Masaba Sub-County, Busia District, Uganda. The study was motivated by the need to understand how vegetable farming contributes to household food security, income generation, nutritional outcomes, and livelihood diversification among rural agricultural communities. Despite the centrality of vegetable growing to many households in the region, there has been limited empirical documentation of its specific contributions and constraints. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the study collected data from 120 randomly selected household farmers. Structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews were employed as data collection instruments. Findings revealed that vegetable growing significantly contributes to household food security, supplement cash income, and improve nutritional status. However, challenges including poor market access, inadequate irrigation infrastructure, pest and disease infestations, and limited extension services constrain productivity. The study recommends strengthening extension services, improving rural road networks, and establishing farmer cooperatives to enhance vegetable marketing and productivity.