Journal
Metropolitan Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research
Metropolitan Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research
Volume 5, Issue 3 (March)
59 articles
51
The Determinants Of Financial Performance In Tropical Bank Limited Kampala Road.
Financial performance
capital adequacy
liquidity
credit risk
operational efficiency
Return on Assets
commercial banking
Uganda.
The study investigated the determinants of financial performance in Tropical Bank Limited, located along Kampala
Road, Kampala, Uganda. The research sought to understand how capital adequacy, liquidity, credit risk, and
operational efficiency influenced the bank's overall financial performance over a five-year period spanning 2018 to
2022. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected from the bank's audited annual financial
reports and statements. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the nature and strength of the relationships
between the independent variables and the dependent variable, which was measured using Return on Assets (ROA).
The results revealed that capital adequacy and operational efficiency were the strongest and most statistically
significant predictors of financial performance, with p-values of 0.003 and 0.008, respectively. Liquidity demonstrated
a moderate positive relationship with financial performance (p = 0.041), while credit risk showed a negative but
statistically significant association (p = 0.012). The study concluded that Tropical Bank Limited's financial
performance was primarily driven by the strength of its capital base and the efficiency with which it managed its dayto-day operational costs. It was recommended that the bank's management prioritizes capital strengthening strategies,
adopt more rigorous credit risk assessment frameworks, and invest in operational technologies capable of reducing
overhead costs. Future researchers were encouraged to explore additional determinants such as macroeconomic
variables and corporate governance structures.
Road, Kampala, Uganda. The research sought to understand how capital adequacy, liquidity, credit risk, and
operational efficiency influenced the bank's overall financial performance over a five-year period spanning 2018 to
2022. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected from the bank's audited annual financial
reports and statements. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the nature and strength of the relationships
between the independent variables and the dependent variable, which was measured using Return on Assets (ROA).
The results revealed that capital adequacy and operational efficiency were the strongest and most statistically
significant predictors of financial performance, with p-values of 0.003 and 0.008, respectively. Liquidity demonstrated
a moderate positive relationship with financial performance (p = 0.041), while credit risk showed a negative but
statistically significant association (p = 0.012). The study concluded that Tropical Bank Limited's financial
performance was primarily driven by the strength of its capital base and the efficiency with which it managed its dayto-day operational costs. It was recommended that the bank's management prioritizes capital strengthening strategies,
adopt more rigorous credit risk assessment frameworks, and invest in operational technologies capable of reducing
overhead costs. Future researchers were encouraged to explore additional determinants such as macroeconomic
variables and corporate governance structures.
52
The Effect Of Internal Controls On The Public Funds Of Nebbi District Local Government
Internal controls
public funds
local government
preventive controls
detective controls
corrective controls
monitoring and evaluation
accountability
transparency
Uganda
Nebbi District.
The study examined the effect of internal controls on the management and safeguarding of public funds in Nebbi
District Local Government in Uganda. The research investigated how preventive controls, detective controls,
corrective controls, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms influenced the accountability, transparency, and
overall financial management of public resources within the district local government over a period spanning 2017 to
2022. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, integrating quantitative data obtained from the district's
financial reports, audit reports, and budget execution records with qualitative insights gathered through structured
interviews with senior finance, accounting, and governance officials. The quantitative data were analysed using
descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were analysed
thematically. The results revealed that preventive controls and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms were the
strongest and most statistically significant predictors of effective public fund management, with p-values of 0.002 and
0.004, respectively. Detective controls also demonstrated a significant positive relationship with the effective
management of public funds (p = 0.018), while corrective controls, though positively associated, showed a
comparatively weaker level of statistical significance (p = 0.043). The study concluded that internal controls played a
critical and measurable role in shaping how public funds were managed, accounted for, and protected within Nebbi
District Local Government, and that the effectiveness of these controls was greatest when they were applied
comprehensively and consistently across all departments and functions of the local government. It was recommended
that the district local government strengthen its preventive control framework, invest more in monitoring and
evaluation capacity, and adopt corrective actions more promptly in response to audit findings. The Bank of Uganda
and the Ministry of Finance and Planning were also encouraged to provide stronger oversight and guidance to district
local governments in Uganda. Future researchers were encouraged to examine the role of political interference and
capacity constraints in affecting the implementation of internal controls at the local government level.
District Local Government in Uganda. The research investigated how preventive controls, detective controls,
corrective controls, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms influenced the accountability, transparency, and
overall financial management of public resources within the district local government over a period spanning 2017 to
2022. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, integrating quantitative data obtained from the district's
financial reports, audit reports, and budget execution records with qualitative insights gathered through structured
interviews with senior finance, accounting, and governance officials. The quantitative data were analysed using
descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were analysed
thematically. The results revealed that preventive controls and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms were the
strongest and most statistically significant predictors of effective public fund management, with p-values of 0.002 and
0.004, respectively. Detective controls also demonstrated a significant positive relationship with the effective
management of public funds (p = 0.018), while corrective controls, though positively associated, showed a
comparatively weaker level of statistical significance (p = 0.043). The study concluded that internal controls played a
critical and measurable role in shaping how public funds were managed, accounted for, and protected within Nebbi
District Local Government, and that the effectiveness of these controls was greatest when they were applied
comprehensively and consistently across all departments and functions of the local government. It was recommended
that the district local government strengthen its preventive control framework, invest more in monitoring and
evaluation capacity, and adopt corrective actions more promptly in response to audit findings. The Bank of Uganda
and the Ministry of Finance and Planning were also encouraged to provide stronger oversight and guidance to district
local governments in Uganda. Future researchers were encouraged to examine the role of political interference and
capacity constraints in affecting the implementation of internal controls at the local government level.
53
The Effectiveness Of School- And Community-Based Interventions In Preventing And Responding To Gender-Based Violence Against Primary School Girls In Namayingo Town Council, Namayingo District.
Gender-based violence
primary school girls
school-based interventions
community-based interventions
violence prevention
child protection
sexual harassment
Namayingo District
Uganda
girls' education
safe spaces.
Gender-based violence (GBV) against primary school girls represented a pervasive human rights violation and public
health crisis undermining educational access, learning outcomes, physical health, and psychological well-being across
Uganda. Despite constitutional guarantees of children's rights and government commitments to eliminating genderbased violence, girls in primary schools continued experiencing multiple forms of violence including sexual
harassment, physical punishment, verbal abuse, early forced marriage, and sexual assault both within school premises
and surrounding communities. Namayingo Town Council in Namayingo District, located along Uganda's border with
Tanzania in the eastern region, faced particularly acute GBV challenges due to cultural practices condoning early
marriage, poverty driving transactional relationships, fishing community dynamics facilitating exploitation, and
limited protective infrastructure. Various stakeholders including government agencies, non-governmental
organizations, schools, and community groups implemented interventions aimed at preventing and responding to GBV
against girls. However, the effectiveness of these interventions remained inadequately documented, limiting evidencebased programming and resource allocation. This study investigated school-based interventions (safe spaces, life skills
education, reporting mechanisms, teacher training, guidance and counseling) and community-based interventions
(awareness campaigns, community dialogues, economic empowerment, local council engagement, traditional leader
mobilization) to determine their effectiveness in preventing and responding to gender-based violence against primary
school girls. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design with mixed methods approaches. The
target population comprised 2,840 primary school girls in Primary 5-7, 180 teachers, 45 Parent-Teacher Association
members, 12 Local Council leaders, and 8 NGO representatives in Namayingo Town Council. Using purposive and
simple random sampling, 150 respondents were selected including 90 girls (Primary 5-7 students), 35 teachers, 15
PTA members, 6 Local Council leaders, and 4 NGO staff. Data collection employed semi-structured questionnaires
for girls and teachers, key informant interview guides for stakeholders, focus group discussions with girls and parents,
and document review of GBV incident records. The girls' questionnaire assessed GBV experiences, awareness of
interventions, perceived effectiveness, utilization of services, and safety perceptions. Quantitative data were analyzed
using SPSS version 26 generating frequencies, percentages, means, and cross-tabulations. Qualitative data were
thematically analyzed identifying patterns in intervention effectiveness, implementation challenges, and protective
factors. Ethical protocols included parental consent for minors, child-friendly research methods, psychological support
referrals, and confidentiality protections. The study revealed high GBV prevalence with 67.8% of girls reporting
experiencing at least one form of gender-based violence in the past year. Sexual harassment was most prevalent
(43.3%), followed by physical punishment (38.9%), verbal abuse (36.7%), and unwanted touching (27.8%). School-
based interventions showed moderate effectiveness overall (M=3.18, SD=0.84), with safe spaces (M=3.62, SD=0.78)
and guidance counseling (M=3.45, SD=0.81) rated most effective, while reporting mechanisms (M=2.76, SD=0.94)
showed limited effectiveness due to fear of retaliation and lack of confidentiality. Community-based interventions
demonstrated similar moderate effectiveness (M=3.24, SD=0.79), with awareness campaigns (M=3.58, SD=0.76) and
community dialogues (M=3.41, SD=0.83) receiving higher ratings than economic empowerment programs (M=2.84,
SD=0.96) which reached limited beneficiaries. Girls who accessed both school and community interventions reported
significantly lower victimization rates (32.4%) compared to those without intervention access (78.6%), suggesting
combined approaches were most protective. However, implementation gaps included inadequate funding (cited by
82.9% of implementers), insufficient trained personnel (74.3%), cultural resistance (68.6%), and weak referral systems
(71.4%). School- and community-based interventions demonstrated moderate effectiveness in preventing and
responding to GBV against primary school girls in Namayingo Town Council, with potential for substantially greater
impact if implementation challenges were addressed. Interventions providing safe spaces, education, awarenessraising, and supportive services showed promise, but effectiveness was constrained by resource limitations, inadequate
coordination, cultural barriers, weak accountability mechanisms, and systemic gaps in protection systems. The most
effective approaches combined multiple interventions across school and community settings, addressed both
immediate protection and underlying risk factors, engaged multiple stakeholders including girls themselves, and
maintained sustained rather than sporadic implementation. However, even the most effective interventions reached
limited beneficiaries, leaving many girls unprotected. The study recommended that Namayingo District Local
Government should establish a Multi-Sectoral GBV Prevention and Response Task Force coordinating stakeholder
efforts; allocate dedicated budgets for GBV interventions with minimum 5% of education budgets supporting
prevention programs; mandate comprehensive sexuality education and life skills training in all primary schools;
establish functional GBV reporting and referral systems with trained focal persons in every school; strengthen
economic empowerment programs targeting vulnerable families; enforce legal frameworks through prosecution of
perpetrators; engage traditional and religious leaders as GBV prevention champions; and implement community
accountability mechanisms monitoring intervention effectiveness and survivor support.
health crisis undermining educational access, learning outcomes, physical health, and psychological well-being across
Uganda. Despite constitutional guarantees of children's rights and government commitments to eliminating genderbased violence, girls in primary schools continued experiencing multiple forms of violence including sexual
harassment, physical punishment, verbal abuse, early forced marriage, and sexual assault both within school premises
and surrounding communities. Namayingo Town Council in Namayingo District, located along Uganda's border with
Tanzania in the eastern region, faced particularly acute GBV challenges due to cultural practices condoning early
marriage, poverty driving transactional relationships, fishing community dynamics facilitating exploitation, and
limited protective infrastructure. Various stakeholders including government agencies, non-governmental
organizations, schools, and community groups implemented interventions aimed at preventing and responding to GBV
against girls. However, the effectiveness of these interventions remained inadequately documented, limiting evidencebased programming and resource allocation. This study investigated school-based interventions (safe spaces, life skills
education, reporting mechanisms, teacher training, guidance and counseling) and community-based interventions
(awareness campaigns, community dialogues, economic empowerment, local council engagement, traditional leader
mobilization) to determine their effectiveness in preventing and responding to gender-based violence against primary
school girls. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design with mixed methods approaches. The
target population comprised 2,840 primary school girls in Primary 5-7, 180 teachers, 45 Parent-Teacher Association
members, 12 Local Council leaders, and 8 NGO representatives in Namayingo Town Council. Using purposive and
simple random sampling, 150 respondents were selected including 90 girls (Primary 5-7 students), 35 teachers, 15
PTA members, 6 Local Council leaders, and 4 NGO staff. Data collection employed semi-structured questionnaires
for girls and teachers, key informant interview guides for stakeholders, focus group discussions with girls and parents,
and document review of GBV incident records. The girls' questionnaire assessed GBV experiences, awareness of
interventions, perceived effectiveness, utilization of services, and safety perceptions. Quantitative data were analyzed
using SPSS version 26 generating frequencies, percentages, means, and cross-tabulations. Qualitative data were
thematically analyzed identifying patterns in intervention effectiveness, implementation challenges, and protective
factors. Ethical protocols included parental consent for minors, child-friendly research methods, psychological support
referrals, and confidentiality protections. The study revealed high GBV prevalence with 67.8% of girls reporting
experiencing at least one form of gender-based violence in the past year. Sexual harassment was most prevalent
(43.3%), followed by physical punishment (38.9%), verbal abuse (36.7%), and unwanted touching (27.8%). School-
based interventions showed moderate effectiveness overall (M=3.18, SD=0.84), with safe spaces (M=3.62, SD=0.78)
and guidance counseling (M=3.45, SD=0.81) rated most effective, while reporting mechanisms (M=2.76, SD=0.94)
showed limited effectiveness due to fear of retaliation and lack of confidentiality. Community-based interventions
demonstrated similar moderate effectiveness (M=3.24, SD=0.79), with awareness campaigns (M=3.58, SD=0.76) and
community dialogues (M=3.41, SD=0.83) receiving higher ratings than economic empowerment programs (M=2.84,
SD=0.96) which reached limited beneficiaries. Girls who accessed both school and community interventions reported
significantly lower victimization rates (32.4%) compared to those without intervention access (78.6%), suggesting
combined approaches were most protective. However, implementation gaps included inadequate funding (cited by
82.9% of implementers), insufficient trained personnel (74.3%), cultural resistance (68.6%), and weak referral systems
(71.4%). School- and community-based interventions demonstrated moderate effectiveness in preventing and
responding to GBV against primary school girls in Namayingo Town Council, with potential for substantially greater
impact if implementation challenges were addressed. Interventions providing safe spaces, education, awarenessraising, and supportive services showed promise, but effectiveness was constrained by resource limitations, inadequate
coordination, cultural barriers, weak accountability mechanisms, and systemic gaps in protection systems. The most
effective approaches combined multiple interventions across school and community settings, addressed both
immediate protection and underlying risk factors, engaged multiple stakeholders including girls themselves, and
maintained sustained rather than sporadic implementation. However, even the most effective interventions reached
limited beneficiaries, leaving many girls unprotected. The study recommended that Namayingo District Local
Government should establish a Multi-Sectoral GBV Prevention and Response Task Force coordinating stakeholder
efforts; allocate dedicated budgets for GBV interventions with minimum 5% of education budgets supporting
prevention programs; mandate comprehensive sexuality education and life skills training in all primary schools;
establish functional GBV reporting and referral systems with trained focal persons in every school; strengthen
economic empowerment programs targeting vulnerable families; enforce legal frameworks through prosecution of
perpetrators; engage traditional and religious leaders as GBV prevention champions; and implement community
accountability mechanisms monitoring intervention effectiveness and survivor support.
54
The Influence Of Leadership Styles On Employee Performance In Mbale Local Government
Leadership styles
transformational leadership
participative leadership
employee performance
local government
Mbale District
Effective leadership emerged as a critical determinant of employee performance and organizational effectiveness in
public sector institutions globally. In Uganda's local government system, leadership styles significantly influenced
service delivery outcomes, employee motivation, and institutional capacity. Mbale Local Government operated within
a complex governance framework requiring adaptive leadership approaches balancing hierarchical accountability,
participatory governance, and performance orientation. This study examined the influence of leadership styles on
employee performance in Mbale Local Government using a cross-sectional survey design with mixed-methods
approach. The research targeted 162 respondents comprising district leaders, departmental heads, supervisors, and
frontline employees. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, achieving a 93%
response rate. Analysis employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques. The
study revealed that leadership styles significantly influenced employee performance (R² = 0.754, F = 51.24, p < 0.001).
Transformational leadership (β = 0.438, p < 0.01), participative leadership (β = 0.392, p < 0.01), supportive leadership
(β = 0.347, p < 0.01), and achievement-oriented leadership (β = 0.289, p < 0.05) significantly predicted employee
performance. Findings indicated that employees under transformational leaders achieved 72% performance target
realization compared to 43% under autocratic leaders. Departments with participative leadership demonstrated 58%
higher employee satisfaction and 46% improved innovation. Leadership quality scored 3.24/5.0 overall, with
transformational leadership at 3.41, participative leadership at 3.28, but autocratic tendencies persisting at 3.67,
indicating mixed leadership practices. Leadership styles significantly influenced employee performance through
motivation mechanisms, empowerment practices, supportive environments, and performance expectations.
Transformational and participative leadership enhanced performance, while autocratic and laissez-faire approaches
constrained employee effectiveness and organizational outcomes. Mbale Local Government should implement
leadership development programs emphasizing transformational and participative styles, establish leadership
competency frameworks, strengthen performance-oriented leadership practices, create feedback mechanisms, invest
in continuous leadership training, and institutionalize democratic leadership cultures aligned with public service
values.
public sector institutions globally. In Uganda's local government system, leadership styles significantly influenced
service delivery outcomes, employee motivation, and institutional capacity. Mbale Local Government operated within
a complex governance framework requiring adaptive leadership approaches balancing hierarchical accountability,
participatory governance, and performance orientation. This study examined the influence of leadership styles on
employee performance in Mbale Local Government using a cross-sectional survey design with mixed-methods
approach. The research targeted 162 respondents comprising district leaders, departmental heads, supervisors, and
frontline employees. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, achieving a 93%
response rate. Analysis employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques. The
study revealed that leadership styles significantly influenced employee performance (R² = 0.754, F = 51.24, p < 0.001).
Transformational leadership (β = 0.438, p < 0.01), participative leadership (β = 0.392, p < 0.01), supportive leadership
(β = 0.347, p < 0.01), and achievement-oriented leadership (β = 0.289, p < 0.05) significantly predicted employee
performance. Findings indicated that employees under transformational leaders achieved 72% performance target
realization compared to 43% under autocratic leaders. Departments with participative leadership demonstrated 58%
higher employee satisfaction and 46% improved innovation. Leadership quality scored 3.24/5.0 overall, with
transformational leadership at 3.41, participative leadership at 3.28, but autocratic tendencies persisting at 3.67,
indicating mixed leadership practices. Leadership styles significantly influenced employee performance through
motivation mechanisms, empowerment practices, supportive environments, and performance expectations.
Transformational and participative leadership enhanced performance, while autocratic and laissez-faire approaches
constrained employee effectiveness and organizational outcomes. Mbale Local Government should implement
leadership development programs emphasizing transformational and participative styles, establish leadership
competency frameworks, strengthen performance-oriented leadership practices, create feedback mechanisms, invest
in continuous leadership training, and institutionalize democratic leadership cultures aligned with public service
values.
55
The Relationship Between Organisational Structure and Employee Performance in Mbale Local Government
Organizational structure
employee performance
local government
Mbale District
hierarchical structure
departmental coordination
Local governments in Uganda faced persistent challenges in service delivery effectiveness, with organizational
structure emerging as a critical determinant of employee performance and institutional capacity. Mbale Local
Government operated within a complex structural framework balancing administrative hierarchy, departmental
specialization, and decentralized service delivery mandates.
This study examined the relationship between organizational structure and employee performance in Mbale Local
Government using a cross-sectional survey design. The research targeted 156 respondents comprising district officials,
departmental heads, technical staff, and administrative employees. Data was collected through structured
questionnaires and key informant interviews, achieving a 94% response rate. Analysis employed descriptive statistics,
Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques. The study revealed a significant positive relationship between
organizational structure and employee performance (R² = 0.716, F = 44.78, p < 0.001). Hierarchical structure clarity
(β = 0.412, p < 0.01), departmental specialization (β = 0.376, p < 0.01), coordination mechanisms (β = 0.329, p <
0.01), and span of control (β = 0.267, p < 0.05) significantly predicted employee performance. Findings indicated that
64% of employees with clear reporting lines achieved performance targets compared to 38% with ambiguous
structures. Departments with optimal spans of control (1:8 ratio) demonstrated 47% higher productivity than those
with excessive spans (1:15+ ratio). Communication effectiveness scored 3.12/5.0, while role clarity achieved only
2.87/5.0, indicating structural ambiguities affecting performance. Organizational structure significantly influenced
employee performance through role clarity, coordination efficiency, communication effectiveness, and accountability
mechanisms. Structural deficiencies including role ambiguity, excessive hierarchical layers, poor coordination, and
inappropriate spans of control constrained performance outcomes. Mbale Local Government should undertake
comprehensive organizational restructuring, clarify roles and reporting relationships, optimize spans of control,
strengthen coordination mechanisms, implement performance management systems aligned with structure, and invest
in change management supporting structural improvements.
structure emerging as a critical determinant of employee performance and institutional capacity. Mbale Local
Government operated within a complex structural framework balancing administrative hierarchy, departmental
specialization, and decentralized service delivery mandates.
This study examined the relationship between organizational structure and employee performance in Mbale Local
Government using a cross-sectional survey design. The research targeted 156 respondents comprising district officials,
departmental heads, technical staff, and administrative employees. Data was collected through structured
questionnaires and key informant interviews, achieving a 94% response rate. Analysis employed descriptive statistics,
Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques. The study revealed a significant positive relationship between
organizational structure and employee performance (R² = 0.716, F = 44.78, p < 0.001). Hierarchical structure clarity
(β = 0.412, p < 0.01), departmental specialization (β = 0.376, p < 0.01), coordination mechanisms (β = 0.329, p <
0.01), and span of control (β = 0.267, p < 0.05) significantly predicted employee performance. Findings indicated that
64% of employees with clear reporting lines achieved performance targets compared to 38% with ambiguous
structures. Departments with optimal spans of control (1:8 ratio) demonstrated 47% higher productivity than those
with excessive spans (1:15+ ratio). Communication effectiveness scored 3.12/5.0, while role clarity achieved only
2.87/5.0, indicating structural ambiguities affecting performance. Organizational structure significantly influenced
employee performance through role clarity, coordination efficiency, communication effectiveness, and accountability
mechanisms. Structural deficiencies including role ambiguity, excessive hierarchical layers, poor coordination, and
inappropriate spans of control constrained performance outcomes. Mbale Local Government should undertake
comprehensive organizational restructuring, clarify roles and reporting relationships, optimize spans of control,
strengthen coordination mechanisms, implement performance management systems aligned with structure, and invest
in change management supporting structural improvements.
56
The Relationship Between Sports Participation And Students’ Academic Performance In Selected Secondary Schools In Mukono District, Uganda
Sports Participation
Academic Performance
Experiential Learning
Secondary Schools
Mukono District.
This study analysed the relationship between sports participation and students’ academic performance in
selected secondary schools in Mukono District, Uganda. It was founded on Dewey’s theory of Experiential
Learning. The investigation adopted a mixed-methods approach that combined correlational design with
qualitative inquiry. Data were gathered from 264 respondents who were students and school stakeholders
using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative findings indicated a strong
positive correlation (r = .691, p < .001) between sports participation and academic outcomes with the
Regression analysis further indicating that sports participation accounted for 47.7% of the variance in
students’ academic performance (R² = .477). Qualitative results highlighted that sports foster discipline,
teamwork, and concentration, which are essential for academic success. The study concludes that structured
sports programs significantly bolster academic achievement and recommends that school administrators to
prioritize the provision of standard sports facilities and integrate physical activities more effectively into
the curriculum.
selected secondary schools in Mukono District, Uganda. It was founded on Dewey’s theory of Experiential
Learning. The investigation adopted a mixed-methods approach that combined correlational design with
qualitative inquiry. Data were gathered from 264 respondents who were students and school stakeholders
using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative findings indicated a strong
positive correlation (r = .691, p < .001) between sports participation and academic outcomes with the
Regression analysis further indicating that sports participation accounted for 47.7% of the variance in
students’ academic performance (R² = .477). Qualitative results highlighted that sports foster discipline,
teamwork, and concentration, which are essential for academic success. The study concludes that structured
sports programs significantly bolster academic achievement and recommends that school administrators to
prioritize the provision of standard sports facilities and integrate physical activities more effectively into
the curriculum.
57
Utilization of EFRIS and Its Effects on Financial Performance and Operational Efficiency of SMEs in Kampala, Uganda
EFRIS
SMEs
financial performance
operational efficiency
Kampala
digital tax systems
The study examined the utilization of the Electronic Fiscal Receipting and Invoicing Solution (EFRIS) and its effects
on the financial performance and operational efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kampala,
Uganda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 SMEs across the five divisions of Kampala, collecting
data on EFRIS awareness, adoption, and usage, as well as indicators of financial performance and operational
efficiency. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. The findings
revealed that SMEs with higher levels of EFRIS utilization demonstrated improved financial control, more accurate
reporting, reduced record-keeping errors, and faster transaction processing, streamlined workflows, and reduced
operational errors. Regression results further confirmed that EFRIS utilization significantly predicted both financial
performance and operational efficiency. The study concludes that EFRIS functions not only as a tax compliance tool
but also as a performance-enhancing system that supports SME growth and sustainability. Based on the findings, the
study recommends strengthening user training, improving system integration and reliability, and promoting full
adoption of EFRIS among SMEs to maximize its benefits.
on the financial performance and operational efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kampala,
Uganda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 SMEs across the five divisions of Kampala, collecting
data on EFRIS awareness, adoption, and usage, as well as indicators of financial performance and operational
efficiency. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. The findings
revealed that SMEs with higher levels of EFRIS utilization demonstrated improved financial control, more accurate
reporting, reduced record-keeping errors, and faster transaction processing, streamlined workflows, and reduced
operational errors. Regression results further confirmed that EFRIS utilization significantly predicted both financial
performance and operational efficiency. The study concludes that EFRIS functions not only as a tax compliance tool
but also as a performance-enhancing system that supports SME growth and sustainability. Based on the findings, the
study recommends strengthening user training, improving system integration and reliability, and promoting full
adoption of EFRIS among SMEs to maximize its benefits.
58
Utilization of EFRIS and Its Effects on Financial Performance and Operational Efficiency of SMEs in Kampala, Uganda
EFRIS
SMEs
financial performance
operational efficiency
Kampala
digital tax systems
The study examined the utilization of the Electronic Fiscal Receipting and Invoicing Solution (EFRIS) and its effects
on the financial performance and operational efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kampala,
Uganda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 SMEs across the five divisions of Kampala, collecting
data on EFRIS awareness, adoption, and usage, as well as indicators of financial performance and operational
efficiency. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. The findings
revealed that SMEs with higher levels of EFRIS utilization demonstrated improved financial control, more accurate
reporting, reduced record-keeping errors, and faster transaction processing, streamlined workflows, and reduced
operational errors. Regression results further confirmed that EFRIS utilization significantly predicted both financial
performance and operational efficiency. The study concludes that EFRIS functions not only as a tax compliance tool
but also as a performance-enhancing system that supports SME growth and sustainability. Based on the findings, the
study recommends strengthening user training, improving system integration and reliability, and promoting full
adoption of EFRIS among SMEs to maximize its benefits.
on the financial performance and operational efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kampala,
Uganda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 SMEs across the five divisions of Kampala, collecting
data on EFRIS awareness, adoption, and usage, as well as indicators of financial performance and operational
efficiency. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. The findings
revealed that SMEs with higher levels of EFRIS utilization demonstrated improved financial control, more accurate
reporting, reduced record-keeping errors, and faster transaction processing, streamlined workflows, and reduced
operational errors. Regression results further confirmed that EFRIS utilization significantly predicted both financial
performance and operational efficiency. The study concludes that EFRIS functions not only as a tax compliance tool
but also as a performance-enhancing system that supports SME growth and sustainability. Based on the findings, the
study recommends strengthening user training, improving system integration and reliability, and promoting full
adoption of EFRIS among SMEs to maximize its benefits.
59
Youth Unemployment and Its Influence on Crime Among Urban Youth in Nansana Municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda
Youth unemployment
crime
urban youth
Nansana Municipality
Wakiso District
Uganda
economic deprivation
social exclusion
juvenile delinquency
Youth unemployment has emerged as one of the most pressing socioeconomic challenges in sub-Saharan Africa, with
its consequences extending far beyond individual economic deprivation to encompass broader social instability, community insecurity, and rising crime rates. In Uganda, where over 78% of the population is below the age of 30, the challenge of youth unemployment has taken on particular urgency, with urban areas bearing a disproportionate share of both unemployed youth and associated crime incidences. In Nansana Municipality, Wakiso District, one of Uganda's fastest-growing peri-urban settlements, high concentrations of unemployed young people coexisted with escalating reports of criminal activity, raising critical questions about the causal and contributory relationship between joblessness and crime among urban youth. This study examined the influence of youth unemployment on crime among urban youth in Nansana Municipality. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. A sample of 140 respondents comprising unemployed youth, community leaders, local council officials, and police officers was selected through stratified random sampling. Structured questionnaires and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were applied to examine the relationship between youth unemployment and crime. The findings revealed a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between youth unemployment and crime (r = 0.768, p < 0.05). Economic deprivation (β = 0.461), social exclusion (β = 0.423), and idleness and lack of structured engagement (β = 0.438) were each significant predictors of criminal behavior among urban youth. Youth who experienced prolonged unemployment, social marginalization, and absence of structured daily activity were significantly more likely to be involved in or exposed to criminal activities. Youth unemployment was a significant determinant of crime among urban youth in Nansana Municipality. The longer young people remained unemployed and socially excluded, the higher their vulnerability to criminal engagement, confirming that joblessness was not merely an economic problem but a serious public safety and social cohesion concern. Nansana Municipal Council, the Wakiso District local government, national youth employment agencies, and civil society organizations should urgently invest in targeted
youth employment creation, vocational skills development, and social reintegration programs to reduce the criminogenic effects of youth unemployment in the municipality.
its consequences extending far beyond individual economic deprivation to encompass broader social instability, community insecurity, and rising crime rates. In Uganda, where over 78% of the population is below the age of 30, the challenge of youth unemployment has taken on particular urgency, with urban areas bearing a disproportionate share of both unemployed youth and associated crime incidences. In Nansana Municipality, Wakiso District, one of Uganda's fastest-growing peri-urban settlements, high concentrations of unemployed young people coexisted with escalating reports of criminal activity, raising critical questions about the causal and contributory relationship between joblessness and crime among urban youth. This study examined the influence of youth unemployment on crime among urban youth in Nansana Municipality. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. A sample of 140 respondents comprising unemployed youth, community leaders, local council officials, and police officers was selected through stratified random sampling. Structured questionnaires and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were applied to examine the relationship between youth unemployment and crime. The findings revealed a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between youth unemployment and crime (r = 0.768, p < 0.05). Economic deprivation (β = 0.461), social exclusion (β = 0.423), and idleness and lack of structured engagement (β = 0.438) were each significant predictors of criminal behavior among urban youth. Youth who experienced prolonged unemployment, social marginalization, and absence of structured daily activity were significantly more likely to be involved in or exposed to criminal activities. Youth unemployment was a significant determinant of crime among urban youth in Nansana Municipality. The longer young people remained unemployed and socially excluded, the higher their vulnerability to criminal engagement, confirming that joblessness was not merely an economic problem but a serious public safety and social cohesion concern. Nansana Municipal Council, the Wakiso District local government, national youth employment agencies, and civil society organizations should urgently invest in targeted
youth employment creation, vocational skills development, and social reintegration programs to reduce the criminogenic effects of youth unemployment in the municipality.