This study examines the relationship between lending terms, information asymmetry and credit accessibility among selected MFIs clients in Kigezi sub-region, Uganda. A crosssectional research design along with a quantitative research approach was used. A sample of 375 MFI clients was selected from 11,492 MFI clients in 79 MFIs. This study used cluster, disproportionate, and simple random sampling to arrive at the sample. Data was obtained using a structured questionnaire, tested for validity using expert judgment and CVI while pretesting and Cronbach Alpha coefficient checked its reliability. SPSS v25 was used to analyze data. This study found a positive relationship between lending terms and credit accessibility; and a positive relationship between information asymmetry and credit accessibility. The study also found that both lending terms and information asymmetry are significant predictors of credit accessibility. Information asymmetry was the better predictor of credit accessibility. This study concludes that offering favourable lending terms and minimizing information asymmetry cannot be taken for granted in enhancing credit accessibility. The study recommends clients to provide quality information when processing credit from microfinance institutions, and increase their responsiveness to providing the information asked for during the loan process to improve credit accessibility. Clients should equally apply for flexible loan types especially group loans. The study theoretically contributes to Pecking Order Theory acknowledging that MFI clients evaluate lending terms before they made a decision to access credit or not. It also endorses the Organizational information processing indicating that the more informed MFIs clients are, the more they will increase desire to access credit.

The study examined the relationship between marketing innovation, entrepreneur resilience and business success among traders in Kampala after the lockdown. The objectives of the study were; establish the relationship between marketing innovation and success of businesses; assess relationship between entrepreneur resilience and success of businesses; and examine the joint effect of marketing innovation and entrepreneur resilience on the success of businesses. The study was a cross sectional research design along with a quantitative research approach. A sample of 97 traders was used in the study, selected from traders located in downtown Kampala along streets of Nakivubo, William, Luwum, Ben Kiwanuka. Data was obtained from either a business owner or manager using structured questionnaire. SPSS v. 25 was used to analyze data. The study used frequency tables, correlation and regression analysis to interpret results. This study found a positive association between marketing innovation and business success. The study also found a positive association between entrepreneur resilience and business success. Furthermore, this study established that marketing innovation and entrepreneur resilience are significant predictors of business success, with entrepreneur resilience turning out as the better predictor. The study concludes that both marketing innovation and entrepreneur resilience are exceptional factors that lead to business success. The study recommends traders in Kampala to exhibit more resilience, and enhance marketing innovation in order to succeed. Moreover, this research suggests future researcher to investigate the relationship between marketing innovation, entrepreneur resilience and business success from a broader perspective of Kampala; and conduct longitudinal research examining the relationship between research.miu.ac.ug/publications 669 METROPOLITAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & ECONOMICS (MJBE) ISSN: 1813-4238 Vol. 2 Issue 4, July - 2023, Pages: 669-683 marketing innovation, entrepreneur resilience and business success from a broader perspective of Kampala.

Lengo la utafiti huu lilikuwa ni kuchunguza mchango wa komedia za Kiswahili katika ujifunzaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili kwa Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu Cha Kitaifa cha Metropolitan. Utafiti huu umejengeka kwa msingi kwamba fasihi yeyote kokote iwapo huchangia sana katika usambazaji na ujifunzaji wa lugha, lakini utanzu wa komedia hasa za Kiswahili, umeachiliwa nyuma na kuangaliwa kama utanzu duni katika ujifunzaji na usambazaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili. Badala yake, tanzu nyingine zimepewa nafasi ya kwanza na kusemwa kuwa ndizo zinazotoa mchango mkubwa katika ujifunzaji na usambazaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya ueneaji ambayo inazingatia chimbuko la taaluma fulani na kujaribu kufuata mikondo iliyopitia hadi kufikia hali ilivyo wakati wa uchambuzi. Tasnifu hii iliongozwa na madhumuni matatu yafuatayo: kubainisha komedia mbalimbali zinazopendwa na Wanafunzi wa tarafa ya Biharwe ; kuchunguza mchango wa komedia zinazopendwa na Wanafunzi wa tarafa ya Biharwe katika ujifunzaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili pamoja na changamoto mbalimbali zinazoukumba utanzu wa komedia za Kiswahili katika uendelezaji na usambazaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili kwa Wanafunzi wa tarafa ya Biharwe jijini Mbarara. Utafiti huu ulilenga kujibu maswali yafuatayo: ni komedia zipi ambazo zinapendwa na Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu Cha Kitaifa cha Metropolitan? komedia za Kiswahili zimechangiaje katika ujifunzaji na usambazaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili kwa Wanafunzi wa Biharwe? na utanzu wa komedia unakumbwa na changamoto zipi katika usambazaji na ujifunzaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili kwa Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu Cha Kitaifa cha Metropolitan jijini Mbarara. Data ya utafiti huu ilikusanywa kutoka nyanjani ambapo mtafiti alitumia maskani ya research.miu.ac.ug/publications 17 METROPOLITAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ISSN: 1813-4270 Vol. 2 Issue 4, July - 2023, Pages: 17-34 wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu Metropolitan ambayo ni “White house ”, na “Altimate” yanayopatikana katika tarafa ya Biharwe jijini Mbarara. Data ya utafiti huu ilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya mahojiano, hojaji na majadiliano. Matokeo ya utafiti yalichanganuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya maelezo yaliyolenga kufafanua majedwali na michoro iliyopatikana katika data yake. Utafiti huu uligundua kuwa kwamba Wanafunzi wengi wanazipenda komedia za Professa Hamo. Matokeo yalionyesha kuwa komedia za Kiswahili zinachangia pakubwa katika ujifunzaji na usambazaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili miongoni mwa Wanafunzi wa tarafa ya Biharwe kwani zinawafunza wanajamii hasa Wanafunzi wa Biharwe misamiati mipya na jinsi ya kuizalisha misamiati hiyo, mtafiti aligundua kuwa uchanganyaji ndimi kama mbinu ya uwasilishaji huwafanya watazamaji kutoelewa baadhi ya mambo yanayozungumziwa na vile kuwafanya wasijifunze lugha ya Kiswahili kwa urahisi. Utafiti huu utoonyesha mchango wa komedia za Kiswahili katika ujifunzaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili. Pia, utawasaidia watafiti wengine kwa kufanya kama nguzo ya kuwaongoza watakapokuwa wanatafiti jambo linalohusiana na mada hii. Mtafiti alipendekeza kwamba kuna haja ya kuanzisha uchezaji na utunzi wa komedi za Kiswahili nchini Uganda ili sanaa hii ifikie umati mkubwa wa wanajamii; kuna haja ya kuanzisha kuzionyesha hizi komedia za Kiswahili kenye vituo vya televisheni nchini Uganda ili ziwafike watu wengi na wajifunze lugha ya Kiswahili moja kwa moja na kwamba komedia za Kiswahili zafaa sana kuwekewa mashindano kwenye shule mbalimbali, vyuo na ndaki mbalimbali ili kuinua mapenzi ya wanajamii kuzihusu na kuhusu lugha ya Kiswahili na lengo la kuwafanya watoe imani potovu kuhusu kutofaa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili. research.miu.ac.ug/publications 18 METROPOLITAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ISSN: 1813-4270 Vol. 2 Issue 4, July - 2023, Pages: 17-34 Usuli wa Mada Utafiti huu unahusu mchango wa komedia za kiswahili katika ujifunzaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili miongoni mwa Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu Cha Kitaifa cha Metropolitan jijini Mbarara. Sura hii inazingatia usuli wa mada, Tatizo la utafiti, malengo ya utafiti, maswali ya utafiti, upeo wa utafiti, umuhimu wa utafiti pamoja na misingi ya nadharia ya utafiti. Kwa mujibu wa Habwe na Karanja, (2004), lugha ni mfumo wa sauti zinazotumiwa na watu wa jamii wenye utamaduni unaofanana ili kuwasiliana. Lugha ni mfumo wa sauti nasibu na ishara za kisarufi ambazo kwazo watu wa jamii fulani ya lugha huwasiliana na kupokezana utamaduni wao. Hii ina maana kwamba lugha ni chombo muhimu cha utamaduni, lugha ni sehemu ya utamaduni na ni chombo kinachosheheni sifa za utamaduni wa jamii husika katika misamiati, miundo na matumizi ya lugha zinazohusika. Lugha hutumika kukuza utamaduni kutoka kizazi kimoja hadi kingine. Kwa mujibu wa (TUKI, 2005), Lugha ni mpangilio wa sauti na maneno unaoleta maana ambayo hutumiwa na watu wa taifa au kundi Fulani kwa ajili ya kuwasiliana. Mahusiano ya kijamii hujengwa kutokana na historia, mazingira na shughuli za watu za kila siku na imani yao pia. Watu wa jamii moja mara nyingi husikilizana kwa lugha, mila na desturi. Misingi hiyo ya utamaduni na utamaduni wenyewe huwa ni vigezo maalum vya kumfanya mtu aitambue nafasi yake katika jamii na vilevile kutambua wajibu wake na majukumu yake, Mazrui (1986). Tamthilia ni utungo wa kisanaa ambao huweka wazo fulani katika matendo na mazungumzo (TUKI, 2004).Hivyo basi tunaweza kusema kuwa tamthilia ni utungo au mchezo wa kuigiza matendo au mawazo fulani yaliyopo katika jamii, ambapo huwa ni majibizano baina ya watu wawili au zaidi. research.miu.ac.ug/publications 19

The study examined the relationship between movement control restrictions, standard operating procedures and business uncertainty of public transport operators in Kampala. Specific objectives of the study were; assess the relationship between movement control restrictions and business uncertainty; standard operating procedures and business uncertainty; and examine combined effect of movement control restrictions and standard operating procedures on business uncertainty of public transport operators in Kampala. This was a cross-sectional research design with a quantitative research approach. A sample of 92 public transport operators was used. This involved public transport operators selected from 6 taxi parks in Kampala. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The study used SPSS (v.25) to analyze data and interpreted results using a frequency table and inferential statistics. Findings established positive relationship between movement control restrictions and business uncertainty; positive relationship between standard operating procedures and business uncertainty among public transport operators in Kampala (r=.646, p<.01); and found that movement control restrictions and standard operating procedures significantly predict business uncertainty among public transport operators in Kampala. The main predictor of business uncertainty was movement control restrictions. The study concludes that while interventions undertaken by the government of Uganda to deal with COVID19 have proved crucial in achieving this objective, they have extremely affected the business environment. Movement control restrictions and standard operation procedures are increasing business uncertainty of public transport operators in Kampala. The study recommends government to relax movement control research.miu.ac.ug/publications 355 METROPOLITAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ISSN: 1813-4270 Vol. 2 Issue 4, July - 2023, Pages: 355-369 restrictions; and encourage public transport operators should consider further increment of transport fares

This study examined the relationship between organizational trust, ethical leadership, organizational commitment and employee engagement within The Electoral Commission Uganda. The study used a cross-sectional research design along with a quantitative research approach. Primary data was collected from 182 respondents 72% of the targeted 254 sample. Data was obtained using structured questionnaire which was tested for validity using expert judgment and CVI, and reliability using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using SPSS. V. 25 thereafter obtaining frequency table and inferential statistics for addressing study objectives. The study found a positive relationship between organizational trust and employee engagement are positively related. Likewise, it was found that ethical leadership and employee engagement are positively associated. There was a positive relationship between organizational commitment and employee engagement. The study found that the significant predictors of employee engagement were ethical leadership and organizational commitment unlike organizational trust. Moreover, organizational commitment was the better predictor of employee engagement. This study concludes that ethical leadership and organizational commitment are vital in addressing issues of employee disengagement. More so, this study attests that human resource managers need to focus greatly towards implementing practices and procedures which are directed towards stimulating organizational commitment for to build a more engaged team. The study recommends; affective commitment; normative commitment; fair treatment; and ethical standards to stimulate employee engagement. research.miu.ac.ug/publications 900 METROPOLITAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ISSN: 1813-4270 Vol. 2 Issue 4, July - 2023, Pages: 900-919

The study aimed at painting illustrations on gender-based violence on women’s participation in the development of uganda and it was guided by the following objectives; To determine the causes of Gender Based Violence amongst women in the development of Uganda Bombo Luwero district, to identify the forms of Gender Based Violence amongst women in the development of Uganda Bombo Luwero district and to document the effect of Gender Based Violence amongst women in the development of Uganda Bombo Luwero district. The study adopted a descriptive survey. Descriptive survey design was used in preliminary and exploratory studies to allow the researcher gather information, summarize, present and interpret it for the purpose of clarification. It also allowed the researcher to describe record, analyse and report conditions that existed. Findings the study indicated that respondents who were single were 14% out of the total number of respondents. Those who were married were 46% followed by respondents who were widows with 22% and the minority on the other had divorced with 34 18 %. This showed a great extent that respondents were at least married. There should be transformation of attitudes and beliefs in different societies that condone such violence, for supporting individual survivors, and ensure that governments and NGOs fulfil their duty to protect woman.

The study was carried the role of product packaging towards the sales volume of Baking Industry Company Uganda limited. The study was guided by the following objectives; to identify the forms of product packaging used by dairy products company Uganda limited in promoting their sales, to examine the role played by product packaging towards the sales volume of the Baking Industry company Uganda limited, to identify the challenges faced in product packaging their products towards improving success of their business and to find the relationship between product packaging and the sales volume Baking Industry. The researcher used descriptive, cross-sectional and explanatory research designs. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview guide. Data was collected from two sources; primary and secondary source using a sample size of 50 respondents. It was found that Kiddawalime bakery company widely used various forms of packages with 100% respondent of made on the type of package that is plastic, plastic paunches, plastics bottles, Automatic pouch making, Kiddawalime bakery filling & pouch sealing machines with a printing provision. The study concluded that the findings also indicated that not only Packages that affect sale volume but there are other factors such as research and development, good customer care, price reduction, good after sale service and wide coverage which influenced consumption behavior of the customers in the market. The researcher recommended that Kiddawalime bakery need to understand the product packaging towards the sales volume and which media to communicate to consumers. It should put a lot of emphasize in planning promotional programs and set promotional goals and strategies research.miu.ac.ug/publications 1266 METROPOLITAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ISSN: 1813-4270 Vol. 2 Issue 4, July - 2023, Pages: 1266-1277 and should ensure to carryout evaluations and control of packaging and make adjustments where possible.

This report was based on the topic Relationship between Public Financial management and Corruption Practices in Uganda: A case study of Wakiso district local government. The independent variable is Public Finance Management and the dependent variable is Corruption Practices. The report covered five major chapters. The study was guided by the following objectives; To examine the causes of corruption in Wakiso, to examine the public finance management in Wakiso district Local government and to examine the relationship between corruption and public financial management. The second chapter reviews literature related to the topic under study. According to the results, 26.19% of respondents agreed, while 23.81% of participants strongly agreed, that equity is one of the fundamental tenets of public finance leadership, while 14.29% of participants strongly disapproved, 7.14% disapproved with the statement, 19.05% didn't know, and 26.19% agreed. Keep the public sector open, truthful, and responsible, assist in putting an end to fraudulent behavior, and make sure that the staff of the public sector behave in the public interest. Align anti-corruption policies with economic, social, and behavioral dynamics. Adopting integrity standards is a smart business decision, especially for companies interested in doing business with the World Bank Group and other development partners.

The main purpose of the study was to explore the extent to which Religious Education moulds behaviour among secondary school learners. The study used a qualitative approach and it followed a case study design of one school in the Namugoona Parents School, Kampala. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of participants comprising of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers and learners, parents and other stake holders. The study revealed that learners were aware of the Christian based Religious Education and that the learners believed that Christianity teaches them good morals. Teachers on the other hand were of the view that CRE was not enough as a tool in molding learners’ behavior but should be supplemented with other factors such as parental guidance, religious leaders and the government intervention. The study concluded that teachers need to be trained in CRE competences. It was recommended that schools should foster the cooperation between teachers and parents in molding learners’ behavior through active parental involvement initiatives

The connection between risk evaluation, trust, and the implementation of a cashless policy among suppliers of Uganda Tobacco Services Limited, Hoima Uganda, was investigated in this study. The goals of this study were to assess the connection between risk evaluation and the implementation of cashless policies, the connection between trust and the acceptance of cashless policies, the connection between risk evaluation and trust, and the mediating role of trust in this connection among Uganda Tobacco Services Ltd., Hoima Uganda suppliers. The study was carried out utilizing a quantitative research approach and a design that was cross-sectional. Out of the 2,105 suppliers who work for Uganda Tobacco Services Ltd, 336 were chosen as a sample. Utilizing structured questionnaires, data was gathered. In order to acquire descriptive and inferential statistics for use in understanding the results, data analysis was done using SPSS v.25. The Med-Graph method was also utilized to evaluate whether or not trust mediates the link between risk evaluation and the implementation of cashless policies. The study discovered that risk evaluation has a detrimental impact on the implementation of cashless policies. This study showed that adoption of cashless policies is positively influenced by trust. Even more so, embracing cashless policies was better predicted by trust. Risk assessment was discovered to be adversely associated to trust. Results showed that the connection between risk evaluation and the acceptance of cashless policies is somewhat mediated by trust. The study comes to the conclusion that a drop in the use and popularity of cashless policies will result from improved risk evaluation. On the other hand, a rise in trust is significant since it encourages a rise in the adoption of cashless policies. The degree of trust will be research.miu.ac.ug/publications 146 METROPOLITAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & ECONOMICS (MJBE) ISSN 1813-4238 Vol. 2 Issue 4, July - 2023, Pages: 146-160 compromised as evaluation of risks rises. Furthermore, if there is trust in the cashless policy, its influence will be mitigated regardless of how risk assessment may adversely affect the adoption of the policy. To encourage usage and the frequency of use, the study suggests boosting cashless policy trustworthiness, trustworthiness of cashless policy, and supplier competency regarding cashless policy.